The current cross-chain solutions have the problems of inconsistent standards and poor user experience. Interoperability 2.0 needs to get through the cross-chain standards and lower the barriers to entry for users.
Original title: “Lecture Record | Nervos Jan: Interoperability 2.0-The Road to a Unified Digital Economy”
Speech: Xie Hanjian (Jan Xie), Chief Architect of Nervos, CEO of Secret Ape Technology, former member of Ethereum core R&D team
On October 27th, the 6th Blockchain Global Summit hosted by Wanxiang Blockchain Lab was grandly opened at W Hotel on the Bund in Shanghai. On the afternoon of October 28th, Jan published the theme sharing of “Interoperability 2.0: The Road to a Unified Digital Economy” in his Digital Finance Forum.
Jan said that the future blockchain world or digital financial world will be built on a multi-chain environment, so the blockchain world must solve the problem of interoperability.
Nervos’s flexible underlying cryptographic primitives enable Nervos to provide an interoperability 2.0 level experience, allowing it to follow the standards of all existing chains, thereby opening up with other existing entrances, and realizing the vision of integrating them. Users can enter the blockchain world from any portal and manipulate any assets in the digital world, and these problems cannot be solved by inventing a new standard or portal.
In addition, blockchain and even Internet users can use Nervos dApp with zero threshold. Assets on other chains can be freely transferred between multiple chains through Nervos; applications on other chains can be unchanged on the virtual machine compatibility layer such as EVM. Any code situation is migrated to Nervos.
The following is the full text of Jan’s speech, welcome to view.
There is a consensus in the blockchain field that the future blockchain world or digital financial world will be built on a multi-chain environment, and there will be many chains in the future. Then, the problem to be solved in the blockchain world is interoperability, how do chains interact with chains, and how assets flow between different chains. A more commonly used word is cross-chain.
Current interoperability issues
Interoperability is not a particularly big technical issue today, and various solutions have been studied more clearly. We have also seen that various cross-chain technologies and cross-chain projects have emerged in reality. But this is not a problem. Is this enough? Today, we can also see two obvious problems:
First, it is still fragmented from the standard.
Although we already have cross-chain technology, we can see that there are not only cross-chain projects like Polkadot, but also Cosmos. They have different standards. How can the two chains interoperate? Some people may say that over time, there will be a standard that will slowly win.
But over time, a new situation emerged, that is, like Bitcoin and Ethereum, they can directly cross-chain each other, and Bitcoin can be directly transferred to Ethereum. So I think this is divided into a world of many chains. Not all chains are integrated. The cross-chain between chains does not pass through a Hub. The world is still divided. Interoperability 1.0 From a technical point of view and a chain point of view, it means that it can be connected technically.
Second, from the perspective of user experience, it is still fragmented.
From the user’s point of view, if I, as a Bitcoin user, want to transfer my Bitcoin to Ethereum to participate in some applications, I first need to operate my Bitcoin wallet and then cross-chain; then, install an Ethereum wallet , You need to prepare two applications, two addresses, and two sets of mnemonics. This in itself is a very fragmented matter: there are several chains, and several things must be prepared, because these are different account systems.
This is a huge problem facing today, how can we unify it? Is it a new project or a new standard? This has been proven by history. The new standard will only add a new standard to the world, but will not unify the existing standards.
Interoperability 2.0
Interoperability 2.0 is to allow users to enter the blockchain world from any portal and operate any asset in the digital world, rather than inventing a new standard.
Interoperability 2.0 aims to solve these problems, so how to solve them?
We want to use a chain to follow the standards of all existing chains, it can connect with all existing entrances, and realize the vision of integrating everything together. Simply put, it is to look at this problem from the user’s perspective, so that users can enter the blockchain world from any portal and operate any asset in the digital world, rather than inventing a new standard.
To achieve this, it is necessary to be compatible with existing standards and directly connect with the existing blockchain. Secondly, no new entry or new account system can be created. Instead, users can access the services you provide and assets in the digital economy from any entry, from the entry they have now, and the account they own now.
How Nervos achieves interoperability 2.0
This is a very difficult problem. It requires two basic features at the bottom of the blockchain, one is flexible cryptography support, and the other is a flexible account system.
Why do you need these two things? There should be an interoperability 2.0 layer on the chain, which contains some components, such as PW Core, Polyjuice, and then build such applications on top of the interoperability 2.0 layer. In this way, the application built on the interoperability 2.0 layer can be accessed by any blockchain user, whether it is a user of Ethereum, Bitcoin or EOS, so that your application can have a wide audience. Users can access everything in the entire blockchain world through this system.
What is needed in the interoperability 2.0 layer?
Force Brideg
The first is a general cross-chain protocol. In Nervos Network, we call it Force Brideg. The so-called universal is a cross-chain protocol that allows Nervos Network’s CKB to connect with any other chain, such as BTC, ETH, and EOS. You can view the relevant code of Force Brideg:
What is the difficulty of making a universal cross-chain agreement?
This means that the bottom layer of your blockchain must support flexible cryptography, because when you connect with different blockchains, you need to understand the cryptographic algorithms used by different blockchains. The essence of cross-chain is to write a smart contract on the local chain to understand the cryptographic evidence provided by the remote chain. For example, BTC uses a signature algorithm and hash algorithm, Ethereum is another, and EOS is another. You have to understand these cryptography from your own perspective. This is the reason why the underlying layer supports flexible cryptography.
PW Core
Force Brideg allows assets to flow freely between Nervos Network and other chains. What PW Core does is to allow users to flow freely on Nervos Network and other chains.
This is a project developed by a community team. It can help your application be accessed by all blockchain applications. For example, if you have an Ethereum wallet, you can use the Ethereum address to operate your assets in the Nervos Network. . You don’t need to install any new wallets, set up new accounts, remember new mnemonics to enter this world. PW SDK can reduce the threshold of users to zero. Welcome to check the relevant code .
Polyjuice
Polyjuice allows developers to freely migrate between Nervos Network and other chains. Polyjuice is a general-purpose computing layer on top of Nervos Network. What we are currently doing is supporting Ethereum, which means that Ethereum developers do not need By changing any code, Ethereum applications can be migrated to CKB. Welcome to check the relevant code:
Therefore, with the help of these three tools, we can realize the flow of assets, users and applications.
What Interoperability 2.0 can do
All things add up to Interoperability 2.0. What can be done with these?
As far as Ethereum users are concerned, the users they usually contact are Ethereum wallets. Some people say that it may be MetaMask or imToken users, and these wallets will interact with the Ethereum ecosystem. There are many applications and assets in the Ethereum ecosystem, but users interact with them through wallets, not directly with them. Carrying this ecology is the blockchain of Ethereum. It really has a chain running and miners digging, or it is the ecology or protocol of Layer 2.
It can be done now. If your application supports interoperability 2.0, your ecosystem can become part of the Ethereum ecosystem. For Ethereum users, he can access applications with Interoperability 2.0 by using Ethereum’s existing account system.
For Ethereum users, these applications are no different from other Ethereum applications. Users don’t understand what’s happening at the bottom of the wallet. It’s like visiting a website today. The backend may be written in PHP, it may be written in JAVA, or it may be written in a language you don’t know at all, but you don’t care at all. Just care that this browser can help you visit the website you want to go to. Interoperability 2.0 will make today’s world a lot like today’s Internet.
What good is this?
This means that applications with the nature of interoperability 2.0 have more advantages than applications on other blockchains, because to use applications on other blockchains, you need a new wallet, a new account system, and learn a new This thing is called the user threshold .
The same thing will happen in the Bitcoin world. For Bitcoin users, they usually use Bitcoin wallets. Maybe they don’t know Ethereum at all. These wallets will deal with Bitcoin users.
For users, Ethereum is another world. If they want to use Ethereum’s DeFi, they also have a high user threshold, not to mention other blockchains. If you have the ability to interoperate 2.0, what you can do is that you will become part of the Bitcoin ecosystem.
For Bitcoin, the application of Interoperability 2.0 and the existing application of Bitcoin are a whole, because I only need to use my existing wallet and existing account to access them without installing any new ones. Things, there is no need to learn anything new. Whether it’s Bitcoin, EOS, Ethereum, or Tron, it’s the same. Here are just two examples, you can generalize to other chains, which is the same for all chain users.
What’s better? What we can see is not only the users of the existing blockchain world, in fact, the blockchain is a relatively small world, and we can go further. Because the account system of the blockchain is nothing more than an account system, it is nothing more than an identity. But in the world of the Internet, there are many existing standards for identity, account system, and identity authentication. Regardless of whether it is Bitcoin or Ethereum, they are reformulating the standards of a new account system. For example, Bitcoin has its own signature algorithm, because it is the first project, and it went earlier, and subsequent projects use this signature algorithm. Or change it.
Don’t forget that there is one person who walked earlier, the Internet. There are a large number of mature protocols used by a large number of users on the Internet. When you log in to the website, when you use face recognition and fingerprint recognition, you are all doing identity authentication, which we can also reach. Internet users will use browsers and mobile terminals. If it is an interoperability 2.0 application, users can also access him without installing any blockchain wallets or generating blockchain public and private keys, and remembering new mnemonics .
This is an ecology. We can cater to the existing Internet ecology instead of creating a new ecology. Internet users are required to learn a set, he doesn’t know what it is. I don’t know if you have any experience. When you first enter the blockchain world, you have to learn blockchain wallets, mnemonics, and public and private keys. In fact, the threshold is very high, but this threshold is unnecessary.
what does this mean? We have Bitcoin users, staying in our own world, Ethereum users, staying in our own world, and other chains, each staying in their own world. But they can all be opened up through Interoperability 2.0. The way to get through is not to add a new standard, but to understand the existing standard and join the existing ecosystem. They don’t need to do anything, Ethereum and Bitcoin don’t need to do anything.
Even better, we can integrate into a larger ecology. What we are doing is not to create a new architecture to subvert the entire Internet, which is very difficult. Because the Internet has accumulated a lot of value, there are a lot of mature protocols in it, which have been widely used. What we can do is, as a new blockchain world, we embrace the Internet, integrate with it, and build a unified digital economic network on this basis.
This is why we call it Interoperability 2.0. If you are more interested in Interoperability 2.0, please pay attention to our public account “Nervos Chinese Community”. There will be more introductions about Interoperability 2.0. We Will also post more information in the future.
It is expected that by the end of this year, we will have an application of Interoperability 2.0 to show to everyone. All the code is open source and will be placed on GitHub. If you are a developer, please pay attention to our GitHub .
Source link: mp.weixin.qq.com
